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The sign accompanying the Echo adapter. It reads

Echo Adapter

Grumman Echo Adapter

Echo 1 was the first communications satellite. Grumman's first space project was to build the rocket adapter and satellite container (seen here) for the Echo 1 satellite. Echo, launched in 1960, was the first experimental attempt at developing a communications satellite. Essentially a 135' diameter silver mylar balloon, which inflated in space, Echo served as a passive relay as signals were bounced off it. Grumman also made the adapter and container for Echo 2, launched in 1964, which was larger and a more successful balloon satellite.

On Loan: National Air & Space Museum

Contrary to what the sign might say, this does not appear to be an Echo 1-type launch vehicle adapter.